Jacket - HymenopteraWasp - big or small communities, nests in ground or in shallow trees, at spring. Mating at the end of the summer, community disintegrates and dies off, only fertilized females survive the winter under rocks or lime - in spring each of them builds a nest for herself. Nutrition: flower powder, plant juices, for brood nutrition - insects and spiders.
3 families by types of brood: vesp (wasp) vespa circta crabo (hornet) at spring 1 female lays eggs and tends to nutrition of larvae, after 6-7 weeks 30 cells in a beehive. Egg development lasts 5-6 days, larva stage 3-weeks, then she takes the form of a cocoon where she transforms into nymphs (14-20 days). Wasps don't stack food reserves, they prefer taking food from the bees. They also feed on plant juices. Hornets attack bees and feed on them (especially in summer). They hunt them in the air, but can also enter the hive and destroy the brood as well. As the food they use muscles of the bee's thorax. They nest in trees and other places. |
New additions
Now you can have all the bee treatment details with you with bee diseases app from google play. |
-specidae (bee wolves) males 0.5in (1-1.5cm) females 5.7in (12-16cm). Lives in colonies carved in nests, movement radius 1.5-2.5km. Attacks exclusively bees only in summer. It hunts them in the air or at flowers, rarely enters hives (does not go out if it's cold). 3-6 bees per hole, lays eggs in 1 hole then closes it. After 11 months her young crawls out from hole. Eradication: dig trough soil with nests/holes, insecticides h.c.h 100kg-6-7000 square meters.
Bee ants - Mutilli
Mutilla europea - females 10-15mm, red thorax, black, hairy abdomen. Males 11-17mm, red thorax, silver abdomen.
Mutilla differens- characteristic limbs, dark red head. They parasite in bumblebee nests, then they transform into nymphs from cocoons in 30 days ants come out. Second generation in august, it winters on hidden place. When bumblebees are not around they attack bee hives. Rough fighting ensues, mostly bees get hurt - in the hundreds. Brood is destroyed and food is taken. Eradication: destroying ants themselves, destroying bumble bees nest in apiary vicinity, also its useful to elevate bee hives above the ground.
BraulosisClinical picture: Almost none. This parasite doesn't affect bees that much. Bees require more food and honey, honey has lower quality (is a bit liquid like).
Treatment: Smoke compound with phenothiazine or mechanical removal of the parasite (with a stick covered with honey). Diagnosis: visible with naked eye on upper (dorsal) part of thorax, near bees head. Dark red color, oval, segmented body covered with hair, 3 pairs of legs. Pathoanatomical changes: none. Epizootology and etiology: caused by 'Braula coeca' commensal parasite (it has use, bee doesn't have damage).. It can be found on drones, worker bees and queen bee. It positions itself near the head of the bee. When a bee ingests honey parasite lowers its microscopic tentacles and takes honey from bee's tongue thus stealing food from it. Mating is done in any part of the hive, female lays eggs on the inner side of the cells with honey. When the lava comes out it digs its way through the cells. Honey then comes in contact with air and moisture and is being liquefied (lower quality). |
Tringulinae
Coledptera - digs holes in the ground, lays eggs, after 23-24 days the larva comes out on the surface from the ground, attaches itself on the grass or flower and waits for a bee. Then it attaches itself on the bee (thorax) and the bee brings it into the apiary. Parasite's larva develops along with the bee larva (it feeds on its hemolymph (but on honey and pollen as well)) Up to 15 of them can parasite on a bee. Bees are scratching after they exit hive. Thousands of dead and aroused bees.
Eradication- like bee mite. |